The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heated spreader on the
sealing ability of lateral condensation, compared with regular cold spreader.
Forty two extracted human teeth with single canal were randomly placed into 3
experimental groups, and four additional teeth were used as positive and negative
controls.
Each group was prepared with Ni-Ti Profile #40 using step-down technique and
obturated with standardized colored gutta-percha cone by standard(cold) lateral
condensation technique, warm lateral condensation technique with Endotec and hot
spreader soaked in glass bead sterilizer, each with Sealapex sealer. Control groups were
not obturated, but prepared.
After 2 days in 2% methylene blue, the teeth were invested and made into transparent
resin blocks. And then, each block was sectioned horizontally with microtome at 1, 2, 3,
4, 5 mm levels from the apex. The linear extent of dye penetration was examined with
stereomicroscope at ×20 magnification. At each of 5 levels, ratio of the area of
gutta-percha was obtained by calculation the area of gutta-percha th the total area of
the canal. The data collected were then analyzed statistically using an analysis of
variance(ANO-VA) and Scheffe test.
The results were as follows ;
1. All experimental groups produced the apical microleakage.
2. The mean leakage was 1.57±0.76mm for cold spreader group, 0.86±0.95mm for
Endotec spreader group, and 0.64±0.93mm for hot spreader group. The difference
between hot spreader group and cold spreader group was statistically significant(p<0.05).
1. At the 1 mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 74.58±13.15(%) for
cold spreader group, 65.42±14.62(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 80.72±14.63(%) for
hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between hot spreader
group and Endotec spreader group(p<0.05).
2. At the 2mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 87.86±11.22(%) for
cold spreader group, 66.55±14.02(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 92.93±7.24(%) for
hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between Endotec
spreader group and other two spreader groups(p<0.05).
3. At the level 3, 4, 5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between each
group.
Within the limits of the results of this experiment, warm lateral condensation
technique with hot spreader soaked in a glass bead sterilizer demonstrated favorable
apical sealing effect and improved density of gutta-percha mass. Thus, it is thought
that this obturation technique is effective for clinical use and beneficial to reduce
condensation forces, also economical and easy. Lateral condensation, Heated spreader,
canal sealing, Microleakage
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